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SCHWEIZ FRANKREICH GENF ZOLL GRENZE

Douane Suisse - France - véhicules voitures qui franchissent la douane (KEYSTONE/Stephan Torre)

SHORE OF LAKE BAIKAL. GAZEBO OVER THE HOT SPRING AT TURKINSKIYE MINERAL WATERS, 1905. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Shore of Lake Baikal. Gazebo over the hot spring at Turkinskiye Mineral Waters, 1905. National Library of Russia Shore of Lake Baikal. Gazebo over the hot spring at Turkinskiye Mineral Waters, 1905. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

LAKE BAIKAL PIER, 1905. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Lake Baikal pier, 1905. National Library of Russia Lake Baikal pier, 1905. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

COASTAL FOREST ON LAKE BAIKAL NEAR THE BAKLANY JUNCTION, 1905. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Coastal forest on Lake Baikal near the Baklany junction, 1905. National Library of Russia Coastal forest on Lake Baikal near the Baklany junction, 1905. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

HORSE-DRAWN CARRIAGES ON THE ICE OF LAKE BAIKAL, 1904-1914. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Horse-drawn carriages on the ice of Lake Baikal, 1904-1914. This postcard is from the "Lake Baikal" series. National Library of Russia Horse-drawn carriages on the ice of Lake Baikal, 1904-1914. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

BAIKAL STATION AND THE LAKE IN THE DISTANCE, 1905. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Baikal station and the lake in the distance, 1905. National Library of Russia Baikal station and the lake in the distance, 1905. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

LAKE BAIKAL. LISTVYANICHNOYE VILLAGE, 1904-1914. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Lake Baikal. Listvyanichnoye village, 1904-1914. This postcard is from the "Lake Baikal" series. National Library of Russia Lake Baikal. Listvyanichnoye village, 1904-1914. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

LAKE BAIKAL. ICEBREAKER, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Lake Baikal. Icebreaker, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Lake Baikal. Icebreaker, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

ROCK NEAR BAIKAL STATION, 1906. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Rock near Baikal station, 1906. National Library of Russia Rock near Baikal station, 1906. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

STATION "BAIKAL", 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Station "Baikal", 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Station "Baikal", 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

LAKE BAIKAL, 1904-1914. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Lake Baikal, 1904-1914. This postcard is from the "Lake Baikal" series. National Library of Russia Lake Baikal, 1904-1914. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

A GROUP OF BURYATS AND BURYAT WOMEN FROM THE SELENGA DISTRICT, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

A group of Buryats and Buryat women from the Selenga district, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia A group of Buryats and Buryat women from the Selenga district, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

A BURIAT WOMAN SITTING IN THE HONORABLE POSE, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

A Buriat Woman Sitting in the Honorable Pose, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia A Buriat Woman Sitting in the Honorable Pose, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

MOWERS IN MALY BARANCHIK ON LAKE BAIKAL, 1900-1904. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Mowers in Maly Baranchik on Lake Baikal, 1900-1904. National Library of Russia Mowers in Maly Baranchik on Lake Baikal, 1900-1904. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

THE ICEBREAKER "BAIKAL" IS ON ITS WAY, 1904-1914. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

The icebreaker "Baikal" is on its way, 1904-1914. This postcard is from the "Lake Baikal" series. National Library of Russia The icebreaker "Baikal" is on its way, 1904-1914. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

BAIKAL NEAR THE SIBIRYAKOV FACTORY, 1904. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Baikal near the Sibiryakov factory, 1904. National Library of Russia Baikal near the Sibiryakov factory, 1904. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

TUNGUZ IN FRONT OF THE YURT, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Tunguz in front of the yurt, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Tunguz in front of the yurt, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

FOREST ON THE CIRCUM-BAIKAL ROAD, 1906. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Forest on the Circum-Baikal Road, 1906. National Library of Russia Forest on the Circum-Baikal Road, 1906. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

A BURIAT SHOOTING A BOW, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

A Buriat Shooting a Bow, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia A Buriat Shooting a Bow, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

SUMMER PIER FOR ICEBREAKERS, 1906. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Summer pier for icebreakers, 1906. National Library of Russia Summer pier for icebreakers, 1906. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

TUNGUS SHAMAN WOMAN, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Tungus Shaman Woman, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Tungus Shaman Woman, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

TUNGUSKA OLD WOMAN, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Tunguska old woman, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Tunguska old woman, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

BAIKAL. ICEBREAKER PIER, 1904. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Baikal. Icebreaker pier, 1904. National Library of Russia Baikal. Icebreaker pier, 1904. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

RAILWAY TO BAIKAL, 1904-1914. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Railway to Baikal, 1904-1914. This postcard is from the "Lake Baikal" series. National Library of Russia Railway to Baikal, 1904-1914. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

BURYAT SHAMAN, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Buryat shaman, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Buryat shaman, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

LAKE BAIKAL, 1904-1914. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Lake Baikal, 1904-1914. This postcard is from the "Lake Baikal" series. National Library of Russia Lake Baikal, 1904-1914. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

LAKE BAIKAL, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Lake Baikal, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Lake Baikal, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

STATION "BAIKAL", 1906. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Station "Baikal", 1906. National Library of Russia Station "Baikal", 1906. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

STATION "BAIKAL", 1904. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Station "Baikal", 1904. National Library of Russia Station "Baikal", 1904. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

TUNGUS MAN, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Tungus Man, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Tungus Man, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

TANKHOY STATION, 1906. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Tankhoy station, 1906. National Library of Russia Tankhoy station, 1906. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

BAIKAL STATION, 1906. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Baikal station, 1906. National Library of Russia Baikal station, 1906. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

TRANSBAIKAL RAILWAY. THE EASTERN PORTAL OF THE TUNNEL...THROUGH YABLONOVY RIDGE.1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Transbaikal railway. The eastern portal of the tunnel at the 592nd verst during the descent from the pass through the Yablonovy ridge, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Transbaikal railway. The eastern portal of the tunnel...through Yablonovy ridge.1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

TRANSBAIKAL RAILWAY. TRANSFER TO THE CHITA TRACT NEAR THE CITY OF VERKHNEUDINSK..., 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Transbaikal railway. Transfer to the Chita tract near the city of Verkhneudinsk at the 156th verst, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Transbaikal railway. Transfer to the Chita tract near the city of Verkhneudinsk..., 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

TRANSBAIKAL RAILWAY. THE RAILROAD BED ALONG THE BANK OF THE ANGARA RIVER, 18TH VERST, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Transbaikal railway. The railroad bed along the bank of the Angara River, 18th verst, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Transbaikal railway. The railroad bed along the bank of the Angara River, 18th verst, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

TRANSBAIKAL RAILWAY. THE RAILWAY TRACK NEAR THE CITY OF CHITA, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Transbaikal railway. The railway track near the city of Chita, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Transbaikal railway. The railway track near the city of Chita, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

TRANSBAIKAL RAILWAY. THE MOUTH OF THE CHITA RIVER NEAR THE CITY OF CHITA., 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Transbaikal railway. The mouth of the Chita River near the city of Chita, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Transbaikal railway. The mouth of the Chita River near the city of Chita., 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

SEM OLD BELIEVERS EXILED UNDER CATHERINE II TO TRANSBAIKALIA, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Sem Old Believers exiled under Catherine II to Transbaikalia, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Sem Old Believers exiled under Catherine II to Transbaikalia, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

LAKE BAIKAL, ROCK AND EXCAVATION NEAR THE PIER OF MYSOVAYA STATION, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Lake Baikal, rock and excavation near the pier of Mysovaya station, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Lake Baikal, rock and excavation near the pier of Mysovaya station, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

OROCHENS, NOMADIC FOREIGNERS, IN THE NORTH OF TRANSBAIKALIA, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Orochens, nomadic foreigners, in the north of Transbaikalia, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Orochens, nomadic foreigners, in the north of Transbaikalia, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

ETHNIC OROCHEN ON THE TAIGA, TRANSPORTING A CHILD, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Ethnic Orochen on the Taiga, Transporting a Child, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Ethnic Orochen on the Taiga, Transporting a Child, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

MANDRIN CLIFF ON THE SELENGA RIVER AT 126 VERSTS, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Mandrin Cliff on the Selenga River at 126 versts, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Mandrin Cliff on the Selenga River at 126 versts, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

STONE WITH INSCRIPTIONS NEAR THE CITY OF AKSHI, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Stone with inscriptions near the city of Akshi, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Stone with inscriptions near the city of Akshi, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

DIVING WORK ON THE PIER OF LAKE BAIKAL, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Diving work on the pier of Lake Baikal, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Diving work on the pier of Lake Baikal, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

CIRCUM-BAIKAL TRACT, PEREEMNAYA RIVER, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Circum-Baikal tract, Pereemnaya river, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Circum-Baikal tract, Pereemnaya river, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

A BURIAT IN ANCIENT ARMOR ON A HORSE, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

A Buriat in Ancient Armor on a Horse, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia A Buriat in Ancient Armor on a Horse, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

SECRET GOLD PANNING. "PREDATORS", 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Secret gold panning. "Predators", 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Secret gold panning. "Predators", 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

UDUNGA RIVER. UDUNGINSKY TRACT, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Udunga River. Udunginsky tract, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Udunga River. Udunginsky tract, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

TRUNK ROCK ON LAKE BAIKAL, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Trunk rock on Lake Baikal, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Trunk rock on Lake Baikal, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

FISHING CAMP ON LAKE BAIKAL, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Fishing camp on Lake Baikal, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Fishing camp on Lake Baikal, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

VIEW NEAR CHAIKINOY UTES, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

View near Chaikinoy Utes, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia View near Chaikinoy Utes, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

CIRCUMBAIKAL RAILROAD, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Circumbaikal Railroad, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Circumbaikal Railroad, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

CIRCUMBAIKAL RAILROAD, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Circumbaikal Railroad, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Circumbaikal Railroad, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

WASHING GOLD IN TRAYS, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Washing gold in trays, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Washing gold in trays, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

CIRCUMBAIKAL RAILROAD, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Circumbaikal Railroad, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Circumbaikal Railroad, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

ICEBREAKER "BAIKAL", 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Icebreaker "Baikal", 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Icebreaker "Baikal", 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

WASHING GOLD, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Washing gold, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Washing gold, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

LAKE BAIKAL, 1904-1917. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Lake Baikal, 1904-1917. National Library of Russia Lake Baikal, 1904-1917. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

A GROUP PORTRAIT OF CONVICTS WITH CHILDREN, 1906-1911. CREATOR: ISAIAH ARONOVICH SHINKMAN.

A Group Portrait of Convicts with Children, 1906-1911. This photograph is from an album of 47 views of convicts and structures at the Akatuy Prison, one of the main centers where political prisoners were held in the Russian Empire during the late-tsarist period. The album belonged to Isaiah Aronovich Shinkman, a physician and member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, who was incarcerated at Akatuy from 1906 to 1911. The prison was located at the Akatuy silver mine in Nerchinsk okrug (district) in the Transbaikal Territory of Siberia. Thousands of political prisoners were exiled to Siberia from European Russia and from Poland, Finland, Latvia, and Estonia (all then part of the Russian Empire) following the repression of the Russian Revolution of 1905. Criminal labor convicts and political prisoners had long been sent to Nerchinsk to work in extracting lead-silver ores in the region's mines. Irkutsk State University A Group Portrait of Convicts with Children, 1906-1911. Creator: Isaiah Aronovich Shinkman. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

A GROUP PICTURE OF CONVICTS IN FRONT OF THE KITCHEN, 1906-1911. CREATOR: ISAIAH ARONOVICH SHINKMAN.

A Group Picture of Convicts in Front of the Kitchen, 1906-1911. This photograph is from an album of 47 views of convicts and structures at the Akatuy Prison, one of the main centers where political prisoners were held in the Russian Empire during the late-tsarist period. The album belonged to Isaiah Aronovich Shinkman, a physician and member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, who was incarcerated at Akatuy from 1906 to 1911. The prison was located at the Akatuy silver mine in Nerchinsk okrug (district) in the Transbaikal Territory of Siberia. Thousands of political prisoners were exiled to Siberia from European Russia and from Poland, Finland, Latvia, and Estonia (all then part of the Russian Empire) following the repression of the Russian Revolution of 1905. Criminal labor convicts and political prisoners had long been sent to Nerchinsk to work in extracting lead-silver ores in the region's mines. Irkutsk State University A Group Picture of Convicts in Front of the Kitchen, 1906-1911. Creator: Isaiah Aronovich Shinkman. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

TEATIME EVEN WHILE IN PENAL SERVITUDE, 1906-1911. CREATOR: ISAIAH ARONOVICH SHINKMAN.

Teatime Even While in Penal Servitude, 1906-1911. This photograph is from an album of 47 views of convicts and structures at the Akatuy Prison, one of the main centers where political prisoners were held in the Russian Empire during the late-tsarist period. The album belonged to Isaiah Aronovich Shinkman, a physician and member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, who was incarcerated at Akatuy from 1906 to 1911. The prison was located at the Akatuy silver mine in Nerchinsk okrug (district) in the Transbaikal Territory of Siberia. Thousands of political prisoners were exiled to Siberia from European Russia and from Poland, Finland, Latvia, and Estonia (all then part of the Russian Empire) following the repression of the Russian Revolution of 1905. Criminal labor convicts and political prisoners had long been sent to Nerchinsk to work in extracting lead-silver ores in the region's mines. Irkutsk State University Teatime Even While in Penal Servitude, 1906-1911. Creator: Isaiah Aronovich Shinkman. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

GLORY TO THE DEAD, FREEDOM TO THE LIVING, 1906-1911. CREATOR: ISAIAH ARONOVICH SHINKMAN.

Glory to the Dead, Freedom to the Living, 1906-1911. This photograph is from an album of 47 views of convicts and structures at the Akatuy Prison, one of the main centers where political prisoners were held in the Russian Empire during the late-tsarist period. The album belonged to Isaiah Aronovich Shinkman, a physician and member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, who was incarcerated at Akatuy from 1906 to 1911. The prison was located at the Akatuy silver mine in Nerchinsk okrug (district) in the Transbaikal Territory of Siberia. Thousands of political prisoners were exiled to Siberia from European Russia and from Poland, Finland, Latvia, and Estonia (all then part of the Russian Empire) following the repression of the Russian Revolution of 1905. Criminal labor convicts and political prisoners had long been sent to Nerchinsk to work in extracting lead-silver ores in the region's mines. Irkutsk State University Glory to the Dead, Freedom to the Living, 1906-1911. Creator: Isaiah Aronovich Shinkman. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

CONVICTS LEARNING HOW TO BIND BOOKS, 1906-1911. CREATOR: ISAIAH ARONOVICH SHINKMAN.

Convicts Learning How to Bind Books, 1906-1911. This photograph is from an album of 47 views of convicts and structures at the Akatuy Prison, one of the main centers where political prisoners were held in the Russian Empire during the late-tsarist period. The album belonged to Isaiah Aronovich Shinkman, a physician and member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, who was incarcerated at Akatuy from 1906 to 1911. The prison was located at the Akatuy silver mine in Nerchinsk okrug (district) in the Transbaikal Territory of Siberia. Thousands of political prisoners were exiled to Siberia from European Russia and from Poland, Finland, Latvia, and Estonia (all then part of the Russian Empire) following the repression of the Russian Revolution of 1905. Criminal labor convicts and political prisoners had long been sent to Nerchinsk to work in extracting lead-silver ores in the region's mines. Irkutsk State University Convicts Learning How to Bind Books, 1906-1911. Creator: Isaiah Aronovich Shinkman. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

ON THE PORCH OF THE PRISON BUILDING, 1906-1911. CREATOR: ISAIAH ARONOVICH SHINKMAN.

On the Porch of the Prison Building, 1906-1911. This photograph is from an album of 47 views of convicts and structures at the Akatuy Prison, one of the main centers where political prisoners were held in the Russian Empire during the late-tsarist period. The album belonged to Isaiah Aronovich Shinkman, a physician and member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, who was incarcerated at Akatuy from 1906 to 1911. The prison was located at the Akatuy silver mine in Nerchinsk okrug (district) in the Transbaikal Territory of Siberia. Thousands of political prisoners were exiled to Siberia from European Russia and from Poland, Finland, Latvia, and Estonia (all then part of the Russian Empire) following the repression of the Russian Revolution of 1905. Criminal labor convicts and political prisoners had long been sent to Nerchinsk to work in extracting lead-silver ores in the region's mines. Irkutsk State University On the Porch of the Prison Building, 1906-1911. Creator: Isaiah Aronovich Shinkman. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)