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(RM) 601161054
TURKISH BATHS IN JERMYN-STREET: THE MESHLAKH, OR COOLING-ROOM 1862. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.
Turkish baths in Jermyn-street, [London]: the meshlakh, or cooling-room 1862. '...from the designs and under the professional superintendence of Mr. J. Somers Clarke. [View of] the meshlakh or apodyterium, looking towards the entrance. A portion of the plunge bath is in the immediate foreground. Right and left are low, perforated balustrades, dividing the apartment into compartments, so that, while having an uninterrupted view of all around, perfect privacy is still preserved. To the left, in the distance, is the cawahjie's, or coffee-man's, department, with his small fireplace in the comer; to the right we see the shelves for the linen and cupboards for the boots and shoes of the bathers. The latticed gallery over the entrance-doors is arranged with couches to be used by bathers frequenting the private bath...the striking and sparkling lightness and airiness produced by the perforated spandrils and fretwork in the roof, the gallery, and elsewhere carry us back to the days of our pilgrimage in Egypt. It is easy to trace the Eastern sources whence the architect has drawn his general inspiration for the whole subject, and it has been admirably worked out, with singular felicity of adaptation, in a restricted space'. From "Illustrated London News", 1862. Turkish baths in Jermyn-street: the meshlakh, or cooling-room 1862. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 595252778
LONDON MAIN DRAINAGE: SECTION OF MAIN-DRAINAGE WORK NEAR OLD FORD, 1861. 'THE TWO UPPER SEWERS SHOWN ARE THE OUTLETS FROM THE PENSTOCK CHAMBER THROUGH WHICH THE SEWAGE WILL BE CONVEYED UNDER ALL ORDINARY CIRCUMSTANCES TO THE GREAT OUTFALL. THE TWO DRAINS
London Main Drainage: section of main-drainage work near Old Ford, 1861. Creator: Unknown. London Main Drainage: section of main-drainage work near Old Ford, 1861. 'The two upper sewers shown are the outlets from the penstock chamber through which the sewage will be conveyed under all ordinary circumstances to the great outfall. The two drains below are those which will carry off the storm-waters to the River Lea...(should the water ever rise higher than the top of the side walls, it would immediately fall over into the lower-level drainage and be quickly discharged into the River Lea)...Below these is the horizontal section of the low-level sewer, the diagram being made at the point where it intersects the line of the other drains. The works at this point are extraordinary, when it is considered that a carriage might be driven through the upper and lower sewers, and that two or three men might walk abreast upright through the middle drains. Above the penstock chamber is a building which contains the necessary machinery for lifting the different penstocks, and the dwelling of the person in charge of them. The northern outfall sewer commences at the down-stream side of the penstock chamber; the point from which our artist has taken his Sketch may be said to be the head of it. Its lower end, or outfall, is at Barking Creek'. From "Illustrated London News", 1861. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 595252773
LONDON MAIN DRAINAGE: CONSTRUCTING THE INVERT FOR THE SOUTHERN HIGH-LEVEL SEWER, 1861. 'THE NORTHERN OUTFALL SEWER IS ABOUT FIVE MILES LONG....THE REMARKABLE MANNER IN WHICH THE EMBANKMENT OR BED IS FORMED UPON WHICH THE TUNNELS ARE TO BE BUILT WILL BE BE
London Main Drainage: constructing the invert for the southern high-level sewer, 1861. Creator: Unknown. London Main Drainage: constructing the invert for the southern high-level sewer, 1861. 'The northern outfall sewer is about five miles long....The remarkable manner in which the embankment or bed is formed upon which the tunnels are to be built will be best understood by reference to our Illustration. The whole of the upper soil is first excavated, then a solid embankment of concrete is formed. In some places this embankment is as much as twenty feet in depth and one hundred feet in width. It is formed by carrying out a staging upon which several lines of rails are laid. The concrete is made of the best Portland cement, and is mixed at a regular concrete manufactory...from there it is conveyed in trains of waggons drawn by locomotives to the tip or head of the bank, where it is pitched from the staging to the required level below. The upper surface of this concrete is prepared to a proper shape to receive the inverts of the three tunnels. This extraordinary bank was necessary on account of the treacherous nature of the soil upon which the drains were to be placed. It will be a magnificent work when finished, and one that may almost endure for ever'. From "Illustrated London News", 1861. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 595252763
LONDON MAIN DRAINAGE: BOTTOM OF A SHAFT IN THE SOUTHERN HIGH-LEVEL SEWER AT PECKHAM, 1861. 'THE SOUTHERN HIGH-LEVEL SEWER CONSISTS OF TWO LINES, ONE COMMENCING AT CLAPHAM AND ENDING AT NEW CROSS, THE OTHER EXTENDING FROM DULWICH TO THE LATTER PLACE, FROM
London Main Drainage: bottom of a shaft in the southern high-level sewer at Peckham, 1861. Creator: Unknown. London Main Drainage: bottom of a shaft in the southern high-level sewer at Peckham, 1861. 'The southern high-level sewer consists of two lines, one commencing at Clapham and ending at New Cross, the other extending from Dulwich to the latter place, from which point they are carried in the same trench, but at different levels, under the Brighton, North Kent, and North Woolwich Railways, and along the New Cross road to the Broadway at Deptford; from this point they pass down Church-street to Deptford Creek, and, as the trench in which they are to be constructed will be the entire width of this street, the whole of the houses on either side will have to be underpinned - that is, they must have entirely new foundations put to them...At Deptford Creek these two sewers discharge their storm-waters through two culverts eleven feet in diameter; but the ordinary sewage will be conveyed by four iron pipes under the Creek by gravitation into the outfall sewer. The southern highlevel sewer drains an area of about twenty square miles, embracing Clapham, Dulwich, Camberwell, and Peckham'. From "Illustrated London News", 1861. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 595252758
LONDON MAIN DRAINAGE: DRIVING A TUNNEL AT PECKHAM, 1861. ILLUSTRATION OF '...THE MANNER IN WHICH THE SEWER IS CARRIED FORWARD BY TUNNELING INSTEAD OF OPENING A TRENCH...[PART OF THE] PLAN NOW BEING CARRIED OUT BY THE METROPOLITAN BOARD OF WORKS, UNDER THE
London Main Drainage: driving a tunnel at Peckham, 1861. Creator: Unknown. London Main Drainage: driving a tunnel at Peckham, 1861. Illustration of '...the manner in which the sewer is carried forward by tunneling instead of opening a trench...[part of the] plan now being carried out by the Metropolitan Board of Works, under the direction of Mr. J. W . Bazalgette, engineer-in-chief...the estimate was £3,000,000 and works to the amount of £2,000,000 have been contracted for...These contracts embrace fifty miles of main intercepting sewers, for the most part under ground; consequently but little is seen of them, and as little generally known. They are great works...requiring much more skill and care in their execution than is usual or necessary...above ground... It may, perhaps, assist our non-professional readers to form an estimate of the immense amount of work that has to be done to complete only one of these great drains if we give an approximation to the quantity of materials used in it: For the northern high-level sewer half a million yards of earth had to be excavated to form the trench in which it was constructed; 40,000,000 of bricks had to be laid with the greatest care and accuracy; 100,000 cubic yards of concrete had to be deposited to form foundations, backings, coverings, &c'. From "Illustrated London News", 1861. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 595252753
LONDON MAIN DRAINAGE: PUMPING-STATION AT DEPTFORD CREEK, 1861. 'THE SOUTHERN LOW-LEVEL SEWER IS INTENDED TO EXTEND FROM WANDSWORTH TO DEPTFORD, PASSING THROUGH BATTERSEA-FIELDS TO THE BRIXTON-ROAD, AND ALONG THE LOW-LEVEL DISTRICTS TO ITS JUNCTION WITH TH
London Main Drainage: Pumping-station at Deptford Creek, 1861. Creator: Unknown. London Main Drainage: Pumping-station at Deptford Creek, 1861. 'The southern low-level sewer is intended to extend from Wandsworth to Deptford, passing through Battersea-fields to the Brixton-road, and along the low-level districts to its junction with the outfall at Deptford, into which it has to be raised by pumping. The drainage area of this sewer is about twenty-two square miles. Two other branch sewers are necessary to complete the drainage of the southern district - one from Bermondsey to Deptford, the other to intercept the drainage of the River Effra. The southern outfall sewer will convey the sewage that is pumped into it from the low-level sewer, and that which enters it by gravitation from the higher level through the town of Greenwich and under Woolwich by a deep tunnel one mile long; it will pass through the Woolwich and Erith Marshes to a pumping-station at its outlet to the river. Great difficulties have been experienced in executing this latter portion of the contract by reason of the volumes of water which deluged the works - ebbing and flowing with the tide, and requiring the constant working of four very powerful steam-engines to prevent the workmen being flooded out'. From "Illustrated London News", 1861. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 595252748
LONDON MAIN DRAINAGE: WORKS AT BARKING CREEK OUTFALL, 1861. '...THERE IS POURED INTO THE RIVER THAMES EVERY DAY ABOUT SIXTY MILLIONS OF GALLONS OF SEWAGE, THE FILTHY WASHINGS, SCOURINGS, AND CLEANSINGS OF THE THREE MILLIONS OF PEOPLE WHO INHABIT THE MIGHT
London Main Drainage: works at Barking Creek Outfall, 1861. Creator: Unknown. London Main Drainage: works at Barking Creek Outfall, 1861. '...there is poured into the River Thames every day about sixty millions of gallons of sewage, the filthy washings, scourings, and cleansings of the three millions of people who inhabit the mighty city that has grown up on its banks. It is with not a little pleasure, then, that we have taken up for illustration and description the main-drainage works now being carried out, because, according to the report of the engineer who superintends them, we may hope in the course of two years or thereabout to see the Thames assume its original character. We cannot make sure of catching salmon at London-bridge so soon as that, but we may certainly expect at the expiration of the time stated to see the Thames a clear, wholesome stream, attractive for its natural beauties and adding to the healthiness of the metropolis generally. The object sought to be carried out by the works called the London Main Drainage is to intercept the sewage in its progress towards the river, and divert it by covered channels to Barking Creek, on the north side, and Erith Marshes on the south'. From "Illustrated London News", 1861. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 595252743
LONDON MAIN DRAINAGE: CONSTRUCTING THE CONCRETE EMBANKMENT ACROSS THE PLAISTOW MARSHES: DEPOSITING THE CONCRETE, 1861. 'THE NORTHERN OUTFALL SEWER IS ABOUT FIVE MILES LONG. FOR THE FIRST MILE IT CONSISTS OF TWO LINES OF TUNNEL INCLOSED IN A RAISED EMBANKM
London Main Drainage: Constructing the concrete embankment across the Plaistow Marshes..., 1861. Creator: Unknown. London Main Drainage: Constructing the concrete embankment across the Plaistow Marshes: depositing the concrete, 1861. 'The northern outfall sewer is about five miles long. For the first mile it consists of two lines of tunnel inclosed in a raised embankment, and for the remainder of the distance three lines of tunnels, each nine feet in diameter. It crosses, by iron aqueducts, over seven branches of the River Lea...The whole of the upper soil is first excavated, then a solid embankment of concrete is formed. In some places this embankment is as much as twenty feet in depth and one hundred feet in width. It is formed by carrying out a staging upon which several lines of rails are laid. The concrete is made of the best Portland cement...[which] is conveyed in trains of waggons drawn by locomotives to the tip or head of the bank, where it is pitched from the staging to the required level below. The upper surface of this concrete is prepared to a proper shape to receive the inverts of the three tunnels...This extraordinary bank was necessary on account of the treacherous nature of the soil upon which the drains were to be placed. It will be a magnificent work when finished, and one that may almost endure for ever. From "Illustrated London News", 1861. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 595252728
LONDON MAIN DRAINAGE: CONCRETE FOUNDATION FOR THE NORTHERN OUTFALL TUNNELS, 1861. 'THE NORTHERN OUTFALL SEWER IS ABOUT FIVE MILES LONG. FOR THE FIRST MILE IT CONSISTS OF TWO LINES OF TUNNEL INCLOSED IN A RAISED EMBANKMENT, AND FOR THE REMAINDER OF THE DIS
London Main Drainage: Concrete foundation for the northern outfall tunnels, 1861. Creator: Unknown. London Main Drainage: Concrete foundation for the northern outfall tunnels, 1861. 'The northern outfall sewer is about five miles long. For the first mile it consists of two lines of tunnel inclosed in a raised embankment, and for the remainder of the distance three lines of tunnels, each nine feet in diameter. It crosses, by iron aqueducts, over seven branches of the River Lea...The whole of the upper soil is first excavated, then a solid embankment of concrete is formed. In some places this embankment is as much as twenty feet in depth and one hundred feet in width. It is formed by carrying out a staging upon which several lines of rails are laid. The concrete is made of the best Portland cement...[which] is conveyed in trains of waggons drawn by locomotives to the tip or head of the bank, where it is pitched from the staging to the required level below. The upper surface of this concrete is prepared to a proper shape to receive the inverts of the three tunnels...This extraordinary bank was necessary on account of the treacherous nature of the soil upon which the drains were to be placed. It will be a magnificent work when finished, and one that may almost endure for ever. From "Illustrated London News", 1861. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 595251493
THE ROYAL DAIRY AT FROGMORE, NEAR WINDSOR, 1861. 'THE NEW ROYAL DAIRY...JUST COMPLETED, IS A PERFECT GEM OF TASTE AND ART...THE LENGTH IS DIVIDED INTO A CENTRE AND TWO SIDES, FORMED BY SIZE OCTANGULAR COLUMNS, HAVING HIGHLY-ENRICHED CAPITALS, HARMONIOUSLY
The Royal Dairy at Frogmore, near Windsor, 1861. Creator: Unknown. The Royal Dairy at Frogmore, near Windsor, 1861. 'The new Royal dairy...just completed, is a perfect gem of taste and art...The length is divided into a centre and two sides, formed by size octangular columns, having highly-enriched capitals, harmoniously coloured; the shafts are also delicately pencilled. Between these pillars and around the sides of the walls, are arranged tables of white marble...Beneath them are reservoirs...which are supplied by a clear running stream of cold water...There are ten windows of richly-stained glass, composed of may-blossoms, primroses, daisies and buttercups...In the centre...is a fountain, composed of...an elegant figure of a nymph in white marble, holding a vase, from which flows a stream of water...Between the windows...are fourteen bas-reliefs in majolica, representing the Four Seasons, and various agricultural subjects. Above these is an elaborate frieze, in the Cinque Cento style, bearing medallions of her Majesty, the Prince Consort, and all the Royal family...The whole was designed by Mr. John Thomas...and ably carried out under the superintendence of Mr. Turnbull...The majolica ware and encaustic tiles were manufactured expressly for this work by Messrs. Minton'. From "Illustrated London News", 1861. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
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